Miura, T., Nakamura, J., Yamada, S., Miura, T., Yanagi, M., Tani, Y., . . . Takahashi, T. (2010). A fatal aortoesophageal fistula caused by critical combination of double aortic arch and nasogastric tube insertion for superior mesenteric artery syndrome. Case Reports in Gastroenterology, 4(2), 198-203. doi:10.1159/000316633 

            Notes: Case report of a 19-year-old woman with double aortic arch (DAA) diagnosed with SMAS.  Intubation for treatment of SMAS led to initial relief of symptoms but caused ulceration that led to a fatal aortoesophageal fistula. Hematemesis led to shock and death. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2929415/pdf/crg0004-0198.pdf