Altiok, H., Lubicky, J. P., DeWald, C. J., & Herman, J. E. (2005). The superior mesenteric artery syndrome in patients with spinal deformity. Spine, 30(19), 2164. 

            Notes: A retrospective review of 2939 patients who underwent scoliosis surgery to determine incidence of SMAS. 17 patients were diagnosed with SMAS post-op, an incidence rate of .5%. Includes curve type, diagnoses, surgical procedures, instrumentation, documentation of SMA[S], degree of correction, weight and height percentiles, weight loss, and more. It is determined SMAS can still occur with newer instrumentation, and both low BMI and perioperative weight loss are considered factors. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16205341

Javaid, Mustafawi, & Ahmad. (2009). The Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome (SMAS): Is it really a diagnostic dilemma? Annals of Pediatric Surgery, 5(3), 205-209. 

            Notes: Case report of 3 children diagnosed with SMAS. Case 1, 7-year old female with post-prandial pain, vomiting, loss of appetite & weight. Medical management failed after 3 weeks, at which time a duodenojejunostomy was performed, which was successful at 1 month follow-up. Case 2, a 12-year-old girl with pain, vomiting & weight loss with a history of scoliosis surgery 1 month prior underwent successful medical treatment starting with TPN and leading to high-calorie meals with positioning. Case 3 was a 10-year-old boy with pain and frequent vomiting treated successfully with medical management. Relapse after 1 month was also successfully treated medically. Link: http://www.aps.eg.net/back_issue/vol5/issue3_july2009/pdf/10-The%20Superior%20Mesenteric%20Artery%20Syndrome.pdf

Feneley, R. C., & Macdonald, D. (1969). Acute arteriomesenteric duodenal ileus as a complication following operative correction of scoliosis. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 45(530), 781–784. Notes: Case report of a 12-year-old girl with history of Marfan’s syndrome who underwent scoliosis and was diagnosed with SMAS post-op and was treated surgically with lysis of the ligament of treitz. When symptoms continued post-op, a gastrojejunostomy was performed, which was successful. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2466931/pdf/postmedj00372-0037.pdf

Hokama, A., Tomiyama, R., Kishimoto, K., Kinjo, F., Saito, A., & Matayoshi, M. (2005). Chronic intermittent vomiting after scoliosis surgery. Gut, 54(2), 222. doi:10.1136/gut.2004.044313 Notes: Case report of a 12-year-old girl diagnosed with SMAS 18 months post-op from scoliosis surgery. Conservative treatment was successful. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1774827/

Moskovich, R., & Cheong-Leen, P. (1986). Vascular compression of the duodenum. JRSM, 79(8), 465-467. 

            Notes: Case one involves a 15-year-old female treated surgically for scoliosis and diagnosed post-op with SMAS, treated successfully with conservative treatment involving positioning. Case two involves a 20-year-old female treated surgically for scoliosis diagnosed with SMAS post-op. Surgical treatment (side-to-side duodenojejunostomy) was successful. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1290418/pdf/jrsocmed00187-0031.pdf

Sharma, S., & Azzopardi, T. (2006). Reduction of abdominal pressure for prophylaxis of the mesenteric artery syndrome (cast syndrome) in a hip spica--a simple technique. Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, 88(3), 317-317. doi:10.1308/003588406X106342c Notes: Description of technique for using rubber spacer in a spica cast to prevent SMAS. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1963662/pdf/rcse8803-317a.pdf

Andrews, S. N., Sanders, G., & Cooper, M. J. (2005). The acute surgical abdomen following kyphoscoliosis corrective surgery. Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, 87(5), W3-W5. doi:10.1308/147870805X60752 

            Notes: Case report of a 14-year-old female diagnosed with SMAS several weeks post-op for scoliosis surgery. After conservative treatment failed, surgical treatment (anterior transposition of the duodenum) was successful, and she was released two weeks post-op. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1963993/

Tsirikos, A. I., Anakwe, R. E., & Baker, A. D. L. (2008; 2007). Late presentation of superior mesenteric artery syndrome following scoliosis surgery: A case report. Journal of Medical Case Reports, 2(1), 9-9. doi:10.1186/1752-1947-2-9 

            Notes: Case report of a 16-year-old female who underwent scoliosis surgery. 45 days post-op, she was readmitted with SMAS. Conservative treatment was successful. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2246147/pdf/1752-1947-2-9.pdf

Crowther, M. A. A., Webb, P. J., & Eyre-Brook, I. A. (2002). Superior mesenteric artery syndrome following surgery for scoliosis. Spine, 27(24), E528-E533. doi:10.1097/00007632-200212150-00023 

            Notes: Case report of three patients diagnosed with SMAS after surgery for scoliosis. Two were treated successfully with conservative treatment, and one required surgery (strong's procedure, I think). Link:

Ohry, A., Zeilig, G., & Shemesh, Y. (1988). Acute intermittent arteriomesenteric occlusion of the duodenum after use of harrington's spinal instrumentation: Case report. Paraplegia, 26(5), 350. Notes: Case report of a 27-year-old man diagnosed with SMAS after surgical treatment of a spinal injury using Harrington rods. Conservative treatment was successful. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3205574

Vitale, M. (1999). Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome After Segmental Instrumentation: A Biochemical Analysis. The American Journal of Orthopedics, 28(8), 461-467.  

            Notes:  Case report of the first known diagnosis of SMAS following scoliosis surgery using a segmental derotational instrumentation system, which is believed to have a lower incidence rate of SMAS than older methods of scoliosis correction.  Patient was successfully treated conservatively.  Includes a brief review of literature, including mention of other cases of SMAS following scoliosis surgery found in literature. 

Loeb, T., Loubert, G., Morsly, R., Gabillet, J. M., & Pasteyer, J. (1999). Superior mesenteric artery syndrome. Annales Françaises d'Anesthèsie Et De Rèanimation, 18(9), 1000.  

            Notes: Case study of four patients, ages ranging from 14-24, both male and female, who developed SMAS after spinal surgery. Describes clinical findings and treatments with feeding tubes. Article is in French. Link: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/246133622_Syndrome_de_l%27artre_msentrique_suprieure

Murthi, & Raine. (2001). Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome in Children. Scottish Medical Journal, 5(46), 153-154.  

            Notes:  Report of four cases of SMAS.  In case 1, an 8-year-old boy was diagnosed with SMAS after weight loss and underwent conservative treatment successfully.  In case 2, a 5-year-old boy was diagnosed with SMAS with long-term history of problems, and was treated successfully with surgery.  Case 3 was a 12-year-old boy diagnosed with SMAS after scoliosis surgery, who was successfully treated with surgery, and case 4 was an 8-year-old boy diagnosed with SMAS after surgery for appendicitis, who was treated with surgery but continued to have symptoms. Link: http://scm.sagepub.com/content/46/5/153.abstract

Zhu, Z., & Qiu, Y. (2005). Superior mesenteric artery syndrome following scoliosis surgery: Its risk indicators and treatment strategy. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 11(21), 3307-3310. 
Notes: 640 patients underwent scoliosis surgery, 7 of which were diagnosed with SMAS post-op.  All were successfully treated conservatively.  Risk factors are also discussed.  Link: http://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/11/3307.pdf

Kim, J., Kim, H., Moon, E., Park, J., Shin, D., Lee, G., ... Jung, Y. (2008). Incidence and Risk Factors Associated with Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome following Surgical Correction of Scoliosis. Asian Spine Journal, 2(1), 27–33-27–33.  
Notes:  A retrospective study looking at rates of incidence and risk factors for SMAS associated with scoliosis surgery. Rate of incidence was determined to be greater than 4.7% after scoliosis surgery. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2857491/