Li, J., Chousleb, E., Hidalgo, J., Patel, S., Szomstein, S., & Rosenthal, R. J. (2011). Laparoscopic roux-en-Y duodenojejunal bypass for superior mesenteric artery syndrome: Case reports and review of the literature. Surgical Laparoscopy, Endoscopy & Percutaneous Techniques, 21(6), e344. 

            Notes: Report of three cases, one a 17-year-old female, one a 23-year-old male with history of appendectomy, and one a 50-year-old female with history of hysterectomy, cervical vertebral fusion, and cholecystectomy. All three were treated with a laparoscopic roux-en-y duodenojejunostomy. Case one reported intermittent vomiting during the first three months post op, but symptom free up to 2 years post op. Case 2 had delayed recovery but was symptom free for 6 months, and case three recovered uneventfully. Includes surgical procedures. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22146189

Alnabulsi, B. K., Miro, J. T., Faidah, O. H., & Hamo, M. A. (2011). Laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy omega loop with braun anastomosis as a treatment for superior mesenteric artery syndrome. Saudi Medical Journal, 32(2), 188. 

            Notes: Case report of a 24-year-old woman with abdominal pain, heartburn, vomiting and weight loss treated for pancreatitis and H. Pylori infection. When symptoms recurred, SMAS was diagnosed after further testing. A duodenojejunostomy omega loop with Braun anastomosis was performed, which led to relief of symptoms and weight gain at 4 months post op. Link: http://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/21301768/Laparoscopic_duodenojejunostomy_omega_loop_with_braun_anastomosis_as_a_treatment_for_superior_mesenteric_artery_syndrome_

Javaid, Mustafawi, & Ahmad. (2009). The Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome (SMAS): Is it really a diagnostic dilemma? Annals of Pediatric Surgery, 5(3), 205-209. 

            Notes: Case report of 3 children diagnosed with SMAS. Case 1, 7-year old female with post-prandial pain, vomiting, loss of appetite & weight. Medical management failed after 3 weeks, at which time a duodenojejunostomy was performed, which was successful at 1 month follow-up. Case 2, a 12-year-old girl with pain, vomiting & weight loss with a history of scoliosis surgery 1 month prior underwent successful medical treatment starting with TPN and leading to high-calorie meals with positioning. Case 3 was a 10-year-old boy with pain and frequent vomiting treated successfully with medical management. Relapse after 1 month was also successfully treated medically. Link: http://www.aps.eg.net/back_issue/vol5/issue3_july2009/pdf/10-The%20Superior%20Mesenteric%20Artery%20Syndrome.pdf

Alhadi, A. N., & Shuqdar, R. M. (2008). Anorexia nervosa versus superior mesenteric artery syndrome in a young woman: Case report and literature review. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 3(1), 55-60. doi:10.1016/S1658-3612(08)70044-1 

            Notes: Case report of a 35-year-old woman with 12-year history of post-prandial bloating, epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. Psychiatric evaluation led to diagnosis of eating disorder and depression. After 3 months, gastrojejunostomy was performed, which was not successful, possibly due to continued eating disorder. Patient was lost to follow up. Link: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1658361208700441

Akin, J.,J T., Gray, S. W., & Skandalakis, J. E. (1976). Vascular compression of the duodenum: Presentation of ten cases and review of the literature. Surgery, 79(5), 515. 

            Notes: Review of ten cases of patients diagnosed with SMAS, 9 female 1 male. One patient was deceased within 24 hours of admission. In eight patients, sypmtoms were completely relieved after surgery (two duodenojejunostomy with division of the ligament of treitz, 7 division of the ligament of treitz). One patient was only partially relieved due to “unwillingness to eat a normal diet.” Also includes review of literature of 94 cases since 1962 (until 1976 when the study was written), with data on age and sex, symptoms, causes and predispositions, diagnosis, and treatment, determining an 82% success rate for the duodenojejunostomy based on literature. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1265660

WU Qing-hua WANG Ming-liang ZANG Lu ZHANG Tao ZHENG Min-hua. (2010). Laparoscopic lysis of duodenum for superior mesenteric artery syndrome： how and why we do it. 中华医学杂志：英文版, 123(15), 2148-2150. 

            Notes: Case report of a 17-year-old girl diagnosed with SMAS with a 3-year history of illness. After conservative treatment failed, lysis of the duodenum was performed successfully as of 1 year follow up. Lysis of the distal duodenum does not involve an anastomosis but is differentiated from the Strong’s procedure. Includes surgical procedures. Link: http://www.ecmj.org.cn/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20108353648260&flag=1

Le Moigne, F., Lamboley, J., Vitry, T., Stoltz, A., Galoo, E., Salamand, P., . . . Farthouat, P. (2010). Superior mesenteric artery syndrome: A rare etiology of upper intestinal obstruction in adults. Gastroentérologie Clinique Et Biologique, 34(6-7), 403. 

            Notes: Case report of a 25-year-old woman diagnosed with SMAS following weight loss with history of a brief psychotic disorder. Conservative treatment was initiated, but when signs of global dehydration and renal failure appeared, a side-by-side duodenojejunostomy was performed. At one month follow-up, she had gained weight and was symptom-free. Link: http://www.em-consulte.com/en/article/260536

Sabbagh, C., Santin, E., Potier, A., & Regimbeau, J. (2012). The superior mesenteric artery syndrome: A rare etiology for proximal obstructive syndrome. Journal of Visceral Surgery, 149(6), 428. 

            Notes: Case report of a 31-year-old man with a history of an inguinal hernia repair diagnosed with SMAS. A side-to-side roux-en-y duodenojejunostomy was performed successfully. Link: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187878861200104X

Arbell, D., Gross, E., Koplewitz, B. Z., Vromen, A., Bar-Ziv, J., & Udassin, R. (2006). Superior mesenteric artery syndrome masquerading as recurrent biliary pancreatitis. The Israel Medical Association Journal : IMAJ, 8(6), 441. 

            Notes: Case report of a 16-year-old boy with cerebral palsy and hydrocephalus with a history of gastrostomy for feeding and nissen fundoplication. He presented multiple times with abdominal complaints which resolved either spontaneously or with gastric intubation for drainage, and by the third episode his gallbladder was removed. When the symptoms returned again with elevated amylase he was diagnosed with pancreatitis, but with another episode later, scans were revisited and he was diagnosed with SMAS. Conservative treatment led to three years symptom-free, after which a duodenojejunostomy was performed. Link: http://www.ima.org.il/FilesUpload/IMAJ/0/49/24884.pdf x

Mearelli, F., Degrassi, F., Occhipinti, A. A., Casarsa, C., De Manzini, N., & Biolo, G. (2014). Pinched: Superior mesenteric artery syndrome. The American Journal of Medicine, 127(5), 393. 

            Notes: Case report of a 47-year-old man with a history of anorexia nervosa diagnosed with SMAS as well as nutcracker syndrome. After conservative treatment failed, division of the ligament of treitz was performed, and the patient was symptom free as of his 6-month follow up. Link: http://www.amjmed.com/article/S0002-9343(14)00074-6/abstract

Mathenge, N., Osiro, S., Rodriguez, I. I., Salib, C., Tubbs, R. S., & Loukas, M. (2014). Superior mesenteric artery syndrome and its associated gastrointestinal implications. Clinical Anatomy, 27(8), 1244-1252. doi:10.1002/ca.22249 

            Notes: Review of literature describing epidemiology, embryology and anatomy, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis and imaging modalities, and management strategies of SMA Syndrome. Link: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ca.22249/abstract;jsessionid=1BA883F0B3B9A4FF6ECB3A90CF3B81FE.f02t03

Duvie, S. O. (1988). Anterior transposition of the third part of the duodenum in the management of chronic duodenal compression by the superior mesenteric artery. International Surgery, 73(3), 140.  

            Notes: Case report of ten patients with SMAS treated surgically with anterior transposition of the duodenum. At follow up, all patients had relief of symptoms, were able to eat, and gained weight. Describes surgical technique.  Article mentions that “literature shows that authors disagree with the theory that SMA Syndrome is due principally to mechanical obstruction of the third part of the duodenum.” Link: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/19926217_Anterior_transposition_of_the_third_part_of_the_duodenum_in_the_management_of_chronic_duodenal_compression_by_the_superior_mesenteric_artery

Nana, A. M., Closset, J., Muls, V., Kouame, J., Jeanmart, J., van Gossum, A., . . . El Nakadi, I. (2003). Wilkie's syndrome. Surgical Endoscopy, 17(4), 659-659. doi:10.1007/s00464-002-4252-z 

            Notes: Case report of two women diagnosed with SMAS who underwent duodenojejunal bypass.  Surgery was successful as of 24 and 6 months post op. Link: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00464-002-4252-z x

• Banerjee, A., O'Neil, R., & Bidstrup, H. (1994). Adult respiratory distress syndrome caused by superior mesenteric artery syndrome. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, 22(5), 602.  Notes: Case report of a 35-year-old woman hospitalized with respiratory distress. While hospitalized she experienced various GI symptoms tolerating only tpn, and increased respiratory failure, leading to multiple intubations and tracheotomy. Following SMAS diagnosis and surgical treatment (gastrojejunostomy, pyloroplasty, and highly selective vagotomy) she began to tolerate oral liquids and her breathing returned to normal. It is assumed respiratory failure was due to repeated aspiration pneumonia. Link: http://www.aaic.net.au/search.aspx?q=banerjee&ST=q

Williams, L. F., & Bowers, W. F. (1961). Arteriomesenteric Duodenal Obstruction Associated with Severe Peptic Ulcer Disease . Annals of Surgery, 153(2), 250–255. 

            Notes: Multiple case reports with both SMAS and peptic ulcer. Case one is a 12-year-old female diagnosed with SMAS and a duodenal ulcer. After surgery to treat both, the recovery was slow but successful by one month. Case two is a 27-year-old female diagnosed with SMAS and an ulcer treated successfully with surgery; case three is a 24-year-old male diagnosed with SMAS and a duodenal ulcer who was also treated successfully with surgery, and case four is a 23-year-old male with a five-year history of illness diagnosed with SMAS and a duodenal ulcer. Surgical treatment was successful. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1613881/

Feneley, R. C., & Macdonald, D. (1969). Acute arteriomesenteric duodenal ileus as a complication following operative correction of scoliosis. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 45(530), 781–784. Notes: Case report of a 12-year-old girl with history of Marfan’s syndrome who underwent scoliosis and was diagnosed with SMAS post-op and was treated surgically with lysis of the ligament of treitz. When symptoms continued post-op, a gastrojejunostomy was performed, which was successful. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2466931/pdf/postmedj00372-0037.pdf

Tidjane, A., Tabeti, B., Benmaarouf, N., Boudjenan, N., Bouziane, C., & Kessai, N. (2014). Le syndrome de la pince aorto-mésentérique: rare, mais pensez-y. The Pan African Medical Journal, 17, 47. doi:10.11604/pamj.2014.17.47.3879  

            Notes: Case report of a 78-year-old patient with pulmonary disease diagnosed with SMAS. After medical treatment failed, the patient underwent surgery (gastrojejunostomy, trans-mesocolic) which was successful. However, the patient was deceased at 35 days post op due to the pulmonary condition. Article is in French. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4085896/

Mandal, A., & Baig, S. (2012). Malignant Tumor at D-4 Mimicking Wilkie’s Syndrome. The Indian Journal of Surgery, 74(2), 201–203. doi:10.1007/s12262-011-0268-8  

            Notes: Case report of a 60-year-old male with clinical and radiological findings consistent with SMAS. Surgery revealed instead a tumor suspected to be malignant, which was removed, and a feeding tube was inserted. Symptoms were relieved, and at 1-year follow up the patient was well. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3309090/pdf/12262_2011_Article_268.pdf

Bhat, D., & Budhiraja, S. (2014). ABSTRACT 596: SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY SYNDROME. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, 15, 135. doi:10.1097/01.pcc.0000449322.75585.72

            Notes: Case report of a 12-year-old female treated for dengue fever who developed SMAS as a complication of her illness. Surgical treatment (duodenujejunostomy) was successful. Link: http://journals.lww.com/pccmjournal/Fulltext/2014/05001/Abstract_596___Superior_Mesenteric_Artery.593.aspx x

Aslam, M. I., & Finch, J. G. (2008; 2007). Prolonged gastroparesis after corrective surgery for wilkie's syndrome: A case report. Journal of Medical Case Reports, 2(1), 109-109. doi:10.1186/1752-1947-2-109 

            Notes: Case report of a 49-year-old female diagnosed with SMAS and treated surgically (side-to-side duodenojejunostomy). Post-op, symptoms continued and slow gastric emptying continued. A diagnosis of gastroparesis was made. Possible continued treatments are speculated. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2330058/pdf/1752-1947-2-109.pdf