Javaid, Mustafawi, & Ahmad. (2009). The Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome (SMAS): Is it really a diagnostic dilemma? Annals of Pediatric Surgery, 5(3), 205-209. 

            Notes: Case report of 3 children diagnosed with SMAS. Case 1, 7-year old female with post-prandial pain, vomiting, loss of appetite & weight. Medical management failed after 3 weeks, at which time a duodenojejunostomy was performed, which was successful at 1 month follow-up. Case 2, a 12-year-old girl with pain, vomiting & weight loss with a history of scoliosis surgery 1 month prior underwent successful medical treatment starting with TPN and leading to high-calorie meals with positioning. Case 3 was a 10-year-old boy with pain and frequent vomiting treated successfully with medical management. Relapse after 1 month was also successfully treated medically. Link: http://www.aps.eg.net/back_issue/vol5/issue3_july2009/pdf/10-The%20Superior%20Mesenteric%20Artery%20Syndrome.pdf

Alhadi, A. N., & Shuqdar, R. M. (2008). Anorexia nervosa versus superior mesenteric artery syndrome in a young woman: Case report and literature review. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 3(1), 55-60. doi:10.1016/S1658-3612(08)70044-1 

            Notes: Case report of a 35-year-old woman with 12-year history of post-prandial bloating, epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. Psychiatric evaluation led to diagnosis of eating disorder and depression. After 3 months, gastrojejunostomy was performed, which was not successful, possibly due to continued eating disorder. Patient was lost to follow up. Link: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1658361208700441

Fromm, S., & Cash, J. M. (1990). Superior mesenteric artery syndrome: An approach to the diagnosis and management of upper gastrointestinal obstruction of unclear etiology. South Dakota Journal of Medicine, 43(11), 5. 

            Notes: Case report of a 23-year-old man diagnosed with SMAS. Conservative treatment was successful. Includes descriptions of other types of intestinal obstruction and description of pseudo-obstruction. Link: http://www.publicpriorart.org/xml/20/1/1/2286/36708/20.1.1.2286.36708.xml

Dash, N. (2011). An unusual cause of superior mesenteric artery syndrome in a young boy. Medical Journal Armed Forces India, 67(1), 92-92. doi:10.1016/S0377-1237(11)80032-8 

            Notes: Case report of 14-year-old boy diagnosed with SMAS. Duodenojejunostomy was successful with 6 month follow up. Anatomic anomalies of the caecum and ascending colon are said to be the cause of the narrowed SMA angle. Link: http://www.mjafi.net/article/S0377-1237(11)80032-8/pdf x

Kim, I. Y., Cho, N. C., Kim, D. S., & Rhoe, B. S. (2003). Laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy for management of superior mesenteric artery syndrome: Two cases report and a review of the literature. Yonsei Medical Journal, 44(3), 526. doi:10.3349/ymj.2003.44.3.526 

            Notes: Report of two cases, one a 27-year-old man, one a 36-year-old woman, both diagnosed with SMAS and treated with a duodenojejunostomy. Both surgeries were considered successful at 1 year post op. Includes surgical procedures. Link: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/10684011_Laparoscopic_duodenojejunostomy_for_management_of_superior_mesenteric_artery_syndrome_two_cases_report_and_a_review_of_the_literature x

França Neto, P. R., Paiva, R. d. A., Lacerda Filho, A., Queiroz, F. L. d., & Noronha, T. (2011). Superior mesenteric artery compression syndrome - case report. Journal of Coloproctology (Rio De Janeiro), 31(4), 401-404. doi:10.1590/S2237-93632011000400015 

            Notes:  Case report of a 40-year-old woman diagnosed with cancer. After surgery to remove cancer, vomiting persisted, and SMAS was diagnosed. Conservative treatment was successful. Link: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S2237-93632011000400015&script=sci_arttext

NERI, S., SIGNORELLI, S. S., MONDATI, E., PULVIRENTI, D., CAMPANILE, E., DI PINO, L., . . . SCUDERI, R. (2005). Ultrasound imaging in diagnosis of superior mesenteric artery syndrome: DIAGNOSIS OF SMA SYNDROME. Journal of Internal Medicine, 257(4), 346-351. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2005.01456.x 

            Notes: 950 patients with varying degrees of dyspepsia or abdominal pain were screened for SMAS with ultrasound. Reduced angle was demonstrated in 29 patients, which was confirmed by CT for all of them. 34.5% of these patients had symptom onset following weight loss. Link: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2796.2005.01456.x/full

WU Qing-hua WANG Ming-liang ZANG Lu ZHANG Tao ZHENG Min-hua. (2010). Laparoscopic lysis of duodenum for superior mesenteric artery syndrome： how and why we do it. 中华医学杂志：英文版, 123(15), 2148-2150. 

            Notes: Case report of a 17-year-old girl diagnosed with SMAS with a 3-year history of illness. After conservative treatment failed, lysis of the duodenum was performed successfully as of 1 year follow up. Lysis of the distal duodenum does not involve an anastomosis but is differentiated from the Strong’s procedure. Includes surgical procedures. Link: http://www.ecmj.org.cn/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20108353648260&flag=1

Pivawer, G., Haller, J. O., Rabinowitz, S. S., & Zimmerman, D. L. (2004). Superior mesenteric artery syndrome and its ramifications. CMIG Extra: CASES, 28(1), 8-10. doi:10.1016/j.compmedimag.2003.09.006 

            Notes: Case report of a 13-year-old boy diagnosed with SMAS following weight loss. Conservative treatment was successful. Includes descriptions and diagnostic criteria for SMAS and Nutcracker syndrome. Link: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1572349603000052

Le Moigne, F., Lamboley, J., Vitry, T., Stoltz, A., Galoo, E., Salamand, P., . . . Farthouat, P. (2010). Superior mesenteric artery syndrome: A rare etiology of upper intestinal obstruction in adults. Gastroentérologie Clinique Et Biologique, 34(6-7), 403. 

            Notes: Case report of a 25-year-old woman diagnosed with SMAS following weight loss with history of a brief psychotic disorder. Conservative treatment was initiated, but when signs of global dehydration and renal failure appeared, a side-by-side duodenojejunostomy was performed. At one month follow-up, she had gained weight and was symptom-free. Link: http://www.em-consulte.com/en/article/260536

Marecek, G. S., Barsness, K. A., & Sarwark, J. F. (2010). Relief of superior mesenteric artery syndrome with correction of multiplanar spinal deformity by posterior spinal fusion. Orthopedics, 33(7), 519. doi:10.3928/01477447-20100526-26 

            Notes: Case report of a 14-year-old boy with history of pervasive developmental disorder (autism spectrum) and scoliosis diagnosed with SMAS. Conservative treatment led to temporary resolution of symptoms with recurrence five months later. He underwent corrective spinal surgery and his SMAS symptoms had begun to improve 1 month post-op and were fully resolved at three months post-op. Article emphasizes importance of recognizing the correlation between scoliosis and SMAS. http://www.healio.com/orthopedics/journals/ortho/2010-7-33-7/%7B8865d102-71f4-4c45-afee-6b29223a6e29%7D/relief-of-superior-mesenteric-artery-syndrome-with-correction-of-multiplanar-spinal-deformity-by-posterior-spinal-fusion

Arbell, D., Gross, E., Koplewitz, B. Z., Vromen, A., Bar-Ziv, J., & Udassin, R. (2006). Superior mesenteric artery syndrome masquerading as recurrent biliary pancreatitis. The Israel Medical Association Journal : IMAJ, 8(6), 441. 

            Notes: Case report of a 16-year-old boy with cerebral palsy and hydrocephalus with a history of gastrostomy for feeding and nissen fundoplication. He presented multiple times with abdominal complaints which resolved either spontaneously or with gastric intubation for drainage, and by the third episode his gallbladder was removed. When the symptoms returned again with elevated amylase he was diagnosed with pancreatitis, but with another episode later, scans were revisited and he was diagnosed with SMAS. Conservative treatment led to three years symptom-free, after which a duodenojejunostomy was performed. Link: http://www.ima.org.il/FilesUpload/IMAJ/0/49/24884.pdf x

Bauer, S., Karplus, R., Belsky, V., & Mha, H. A. (2013). Superior mesenteric artery syndrome: A forgotten entity. The Israel Medical Association Journal : IMAJ, 15(4), 189. 

            Notes: Case report of a 23-year-old woman diagnosed with SMAS. Conservative treatment led to resolution of nausea and vomiting but not pain. This patient was also treated for depression and had a history of migraines. Link: http://www.ima.org.il/IMAJ/ViewArticle.aspx?aId=2220

Mathenge, N., Osiro, S., Rodriguez, I. I., Salib, C., Tubbs, R. S., & Loukas, M. (2014). Superior mesenteric artery syndrome and its associated gastrointestinal implications. Clinical Anatomy, 27(8), 1244-1252. doi:10.1002/ca.22249 

            Notes: Review of literature describing epidemiology, embryology and anatomy, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis and imaging modalities, and management strategies of SMA Syndrome. Link: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ca.22249/abstract;jsessionid=1BA883F0B3B9A4FF6ECB3A90CF3B81FE.f02t03

Dao, T. V., Beydoun, T., Jorgensen, S., Towbin, A. J., & Towbin, R. (2014). Superior mesenteric artery compression syndrome. Applied Radiology, 43(11), 64. 

            Notes: Case report of a 20-year-old male with acute lymphoblastic leukemia diagnosed with SMAS. Diagnosis is described but not treatment of this case. Link: http://go.galegroup.com.ezproxy.uta.edu/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA391931467&v=2.1&u=txshracd2597&it=r&p=HRCA&sw=w

Bakker, M. E. C., van Delft, R., Vaessens, N. A. L., & Rosias, P. R. R. (2014). Superior mesenteric artery syndrome in a 15-year-old boy during ramadan. European Journal of Pediatrics, 173(12), 1619-1621. doi:10.1007/s00431-013-2190-5 

            Notes: Case report of a 15-year-old boy diagnosed with SMAS during Ramadan following gastroenteritis. Conservative treatment with feeding tubes was successful. Link: http://link.springer.com.ezproxy.uta.edu/article/10.1007%2Fs00431-013-2190-5

Kim, S. J., Yoon, J. S., Park, B. K., & Won, S. J. (2010). Superior mesenteric artery syndrome in a tetraplegic patient, 11 years after a spinal cord injury: A case report. Spinal Cord, 48(11), 838-839. doi:10.1038/sc.2010.24 

            Notes: Case report of a 41-year-old man with tetraplegia due to spinal cord injury 11 years prior diagnosed with SMAS. Conservative treatment with positioning led to resolution of symptoms up to 6 months follow up. Link: http://www.nature.com/sc/journal/v48/n11/full/sc201024a.html

Alenezy, A., Obaid, A., Qattan, A., & Hamad, A. (2014). Superior mesenteric artery syndrome and nutcracker phenomenon. Saudi Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 2(3), 223. Notes: Case report of a 17-year-old male diagnosed with SMAS and nutcracker phenomenon. Conservative treatment led to relief of symptoms as of two weeks after discharge from hospital. Link: http://www.sjmms.net/article.asp?issn=1658-631X;year=2014;volume=2;issue=3;spage=223;epage=225;aulast=Alenezy

• Banerjee, A., O'Neil, R., & Bidstrup, H. (1994). Adult respiratory distress syndrome caused by superior mesenteric artery syndrome. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, 22(5), 602.  Notes: Case report of a 35-year-old woman hospitalized with respiratory distress. While hospitalized she experienced various GI symptoms tolerating only tpn, and increased respiratory failure, leading to multiple intubations and tracheotomy. Following SMAS diagnosis and surgical treatment (gastrojejunostomy, pyloroplasty, and highly selective vagotomy) she began to tolerate oral liquids and her breathing returned to normal. It is assumed respiratory failure was due to repeated aspiration pneumonia. Link: http://www.aaic.net.au/search.aspx?q=banerjee&ST=q

Editorial: Post-traumatic duodenal ileus. (1974). British Medical Journal, 3(5925), 214. 

            Notes: Editorial describing the occurance of SMAS in patients recovering from traumatic injury. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1612023/?page=1