Wayne, E., Miller, R. E., & Eiseman, B. (1971). Duodenal obstruction by the superior mesenteric artery in bedridden combat casualties. Annals of Surgery, 174(3), 339–345. 

            Notes: Case report of five patients bedridden with combat injuries diagnosed with SMAS. In case one, surgery was successful, and in cases two through five, conservative treatment with repositioning and high calorie feeds was successful. Includes chart of SMA angle measurements. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1397584/pdf/annsurg00392-0011.pdf

Mandal, A., & Baig, S. (2012). Malignant Tumor at D-4 Mimicking Wilkie’s Syndrome. The Indian Journal of Surgery, 74(2), 201–203. doi:10.1007/s12262-011-0268-8  

            Notes: Case report of a 60-year-old male with clinical and radiological findings consistent with SMAS. Surgery revealed instead a tumor suspected to be malignant, which was removed, and a feeding tube was inserted. Symptoms were relieved, and at 1-year follow up the patient was well. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3309090/pdf/12262_2011_Article_268.pdf

Limaye, C. S., Karande, S. P., Aher, S. P., & Pati, K. A. (2011). Superior mesenteric artery syndrome secondary to tuberculosis induced cachexia. The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 59, 670. 

            Notes: Case report of a 59-year-old male with a history of tuberculosis one year earlier. He was diagnosed with SMAS as a complication of tuberculosis. Conservative treatment was begun, but the patient succumbed to respiratory failure due to tuberculosis. Link: http://www.japi.org/october_2011/15_cr_superior_mesenteric_artery.pdf

Devadass, C. W., Okaly, G. V. P., Hm, S., Pai, S. A., & Sridher, H. (2014). Wilkie's syndrome and left adnexal mass: Unusual presentation of duodenal adenocarcinoma. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research : JCDR, 8(8), FD01. 

            Notes: Case report of a 58-year-old female diagnosed with SMAS and duodenal adenocarcinoma. The tumors were removed and a feeding tube was inserted. Recovery from surgery was successful but the patient was lost to follow up. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4190722/pdf/jcdr-8-FD01.pdf

Bhat, D., & Budhiraja, S. (2014). ABSTRACT 596: SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY SYNDROME. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, 15, 135. doi:10.1097/01.pcc.0000449322.75585.72

            Notes: Case report of a 12-year-old female treated for dengue fever who developed SMAS as a complication of her illness. Surgical treatment (duodenujejunostomy) was successful. Link: http://journals.lww.com/pccmjournal/Fulltext/2014/05001/Abstract_596___Superior_Mesenteric_Artery.593.aspx x

Aslam, M. I., & Finch, J. G. (2008; 2007). Prolonged gastroparesis after corrective surgery for wilkie's syndrome: A case report. Journal of Medical Case Reports, 2(1), 109-109. doi:10.1186/1752-1947-2-109 

            Notes: Case report of a 49-year-old female diagnosed with SMAS and treated surgically (side-to-side duodenojejunostomy). Post-op, symptoms continued and slow gastric emptying continued. A diagnosis of gastroparesis was made. Possible continued treatments are speculated. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2330058/pdf/1752-1947-2-109.pdf

de Silva, A. P., Molagoda, A., Fernando, P. L., & de Silva, H. J. (1998). The young woman who could not stop vomiting. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 74(877), 691-692. doi:10.1136/pgmj.74.877.691 

            Notes: Case report of a 28-year-old woman diagnosed with SMAS caused by an eating disorder. Surgery was performed, but did not lead to remission of vomiting due to continued eating disorder. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2431619/pdf/postmedj00143-0053.pdf

Clarke, D., Sharma, A. K., & Shute, K. (1997). Gastric outlet obstruction--with a difference. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 73(866), 823-824. doi:10.1136/pgmj.73.866.823 

            Notes: Case report of a 64-year-old male diagnosed with SMAS and treated surgically. An initial gastrojejunostomy was unsuccessful, but a modification into a duodenojejunostomy was successful. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2431540/pdf/postmedj00156-0057.pdf x

Kim, S., Kim, Y. S., & Min, Y. (2014). SMA syndrome treated by single incision laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy. Clinical Medicine Insights.Case Reports, 7, 87. 

            Notes: Case report of a 75-year-old male diagnosed with SMAS and treated surgically, with a single incision laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy. Surgery was successful. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4149391/pdf/ccrep-7-2014-087.pdf x

Sandmann, W., Pourhassan, S., Grotemeyer, D., Heuer, T., Wendt, D., Jacobi, S., & Schröder, M. (2012). Wilkie-syndrom: Chronisches erbrechen und „hoher ileus“ durch duodenale kompression zwischen aorta und A  mesenterica superior. Der Gastroenterologe, 7(6), 507-512. doi:10.1007/s11377-011-0624-z 

            Notes: Case reports of three patients with SMAS treated with infrarenal transposition of the SMA, including a girl with Ehlers-Danlos. All were symptom free six weeks post-op. Article is in German. Link: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11377-011-0624-z

Fearon, N. M., Mohan, H. M., & Winter, D. C. (2013). Wilkie's syndrome causing persistent vomiting post-colectomy. International Journal of Surgery Case Reports, 4(12), 1071-1072. doi:10.1016/j.ijscr.2013.09.004  

            Notes: Case report of a 79-year-old male diagnosed with SMAS post-op for a colectomy with history of multiple abdominal surgeries. Conservative treatment was successful. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3860028/?report=classic

Moskovich, R., & Cheong-Leen, P. (1986). Vascular compression of the duodenum. JRSM, 79(8), 465-467. 

            Notes: Case one involves a 15-year-old female treated surgically for scoliosis and diagnosed post-op with SMAS, treated successfully with conservative treatment involving positioning. Case two involves a 20-year-old female treated surgically for scoliosis diagnosed with SMAS post-op. Surgical treatment (side-to-side duodenojejunostomy) was successful. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1290418/pdf/jrsocmed00187-0031.pdf

Maheronnaghsh, R., Yousefian, A., & Rahimi-Movaghar, V. (2012). Updated evidence-based bowel management among spinal cord injury patients. Journal of Injury & Violence Research, 4(3 Suppl 1), S62. 

            Notes: Recommendations for the treatment of several GI complications of spinal cord injury. Conservative treatment is recommended for SMAS. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3571585/pdf/jivr-04-03-59.pdf

Bhattacharjee, P. K. (2008). Wilkie's syndrome: An uncommon cause of intestinal obstruction. The Indian Journal of Surgery, 70(2), 83-85. doi:10.1007/s12262-008-0022-z 

            Notes: Case report of a 10-year-old male diagnosed with SMAS. After conservative treatment failed, surgical treatment (duodenojejunostomy) was successful. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3452397/pdf/12262_2008_Article_22.pdf x-x

Girotra, M., Shah, H. R., & Rego, R. F. (2013). An intriguing cause of intractable nausea and vomiting. Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology : Official Journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology Association, 19(4), 190. doi:10.4103/1319-3767.114510 Notes: Case report of a 60-year-old woman diagnosed with SMAS. It is assumed it was a result of weight loss due to cancer treatment she underwent previously. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3745663/

Lorentziadis, M. L. (2011). Wilke’s syndrome. A rare cause of duodenal obstruction. Annals of Gastroenterology, 24, 59-61. Notes: Case report of a 15-year-old female diagnosed with SMAS. After she refused conservative treatment, surgery was performed (side-to-side duodenojejunostomy), which led to weight gain and resolution of symptoms. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3959462/pdf/AnnGastroenterol-24-59.pdf

Stümpfle, R., Wright, A. R., & Walsh, J. (2003). Superior mesenteric artery syndrome in an HIV positive patient. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 79(3), 262-263. doi:10.1136/sti.79.3.262-a Notes: Case report of a 27-year-old male with AIDS and left sided weakness diagnosed with SMAS. Symptoms continued post-op of an anterior gastrojejunostomy, but with weight gain due to a feeding tube symptoms improved. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1744672/pdf/v079p00262a.pdf

Sharma, S., & Azzopardi, T. (2006). Reduction of abdominal pressure for prophylaxis of the mesenteric artery syndrome (cast syndrome) in a hip spica--a simple technique. Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, 88(3), 317-317. doi:10.1308/003588406X106342c Notes: Description of technique for using rubber spacer in a spica cast to prevent SMAS. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1963662/pdf/rcse8803-317a.pdf

Roy, A., Gisel, J. J., Roy, V., & Bouras, E. P. (2005). Superior mesenteric artery (Wilkie’s) syndrome as a result of cardiac cachexia. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 20(10), C3-C4. doi:10.1007/s11606-005-0237-7 

            Notes: Case report of an 86-year-old male with cardiac cachexia due to congestive heart failure diagnosed with SMAS. Conservative treatment led to resolution of symptoms. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1490234/

Andrews, S. N., Sanders, G., & Cooper, M. J. (2005). The acute surgical abdomen following kyphoscoliosis corrective surgery. Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, 87(5), W3-W5. doi:10.1308/147870805X60752 

            Notes: Case report of a 14-year-old female diagnosed with SMAS several weeks post-op for scoliosis surgery. After conservative treatment failed, surgical treatment (anterior transposition of the duodenum) was successful, and she was released two weeks post-op. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1963993/

Florence Jeune Gaspard d’Assignies Alain Sauvanet Sébastien Gaujoux. (2013). A rare cause of obstructive jaundice and gastric outlet obstruction. 世界胃肠外科杂志：英文版（电子版）, 5(6), 192-194. doi:10.4240/wjgs.v5.i6.192 

             Notes: Case report of a 31-year-old male with traumatic spinal injury after a fall. Following weight loss, patient was jaundiced and was diagnosed with SMAS and gastric outlet obstruction. Treatment is not described. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3692955/pdf/WJGS-5-192.pdf

Miura, T., Nakamura, J., Yamada, S., Miura, T., Yanagi, M., Tani, Y., . . . Takahashi, T. (2010). A fatal aortoesophageal fistula caused by critical combination of double aortic arch and nasogastric tube insertion for superior mesenteric artery syndrome. Case Reports in Gastroenterology, 4(2), 198-203. doi:10.1159/000316633 

            Notes: Case report of a 19-year-old woman with double aortic arch (DAA) diagnosed with SMAS.  Intubation for treatment of SMAS led to initial relief of symptoms but caused ulceration that led to a fatal aortoesophageal fistula. Hematemesis led to shock and death. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2929415/pdf/crg0004-0198.pdf

Makam, R., Chamany, T., Potluri, V. K., Varadaraju, P. J., & Murthy, R. (2008). Laparoscopic management of superior mesentric artery syndrome: A case report and review of literature Medknow Publications. 

            Notes: Case report of a 14-year-old female diagnosed with SMAS following weight loss. After conservative treatment failed, laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy was successful. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2699079/?report=classic x-

Tsirikos, A. I., Anakwe, R. E., & Baker, A. D. L. (2008; 2007). Late presentation of superior mesenteric artery syndrome following scoliosis surgery: A case report. Journal of Medical Case Reports, 2(1), 9-9. doi:10.1186/1752-1947-2-9 

            Notes: Case report of a 16-year-old female who underwent scoliosis surgery. 45 days post-op, she was readmitted with SMAS. Conservative treatment was successful. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2246147/pdf/1752-1947-2-9.pdf