Li, J., Chousleb, E., Hidalgo, J., Patel, S., Szomstein, S., & Rosenthal, R. J. (2011). Laparoscopic roux-en-Y duodenojejunal bypass for superior mesenteric artery syndrome: Case reports and review of the literature. Surgical Laparoscopy, Endoscopy & Percutaneous Techniques, 21(6), e344. 

            Notes: Report of three cases, one a 17-year-old female, one a 23-year-old male with history of appendectomy, and one a 50-year-old female with history of hysterectomy, cervical vertebral fusion, and cholecystectomy. All three were treated with a laparoscopic roux-en-y duodenojejunostomy. Case one reported intermittent vomiting during the first three months post op, but symptom free up to 2 years post op. Case 2 had delayed recovery but was symptom free for 6 months, and case three recovered uneventfully. Includes surgical procedures. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22146189

Alnabulsi, B. K., Miro, J. T., Faidah, O. H., & Hamo, M. A. (2011). Laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy omega loop with braun anastomosis as a treatment for superior mesenteric artery syndrome. Saudi Medical Journal, 32(2), 188. 

            Notes: Case report of a 24-year-old woman with abdominal pain, heartburn, vomiting and weight loss treated for pancreatitis and H. Pylori infection. When symptoms recurred, SMAS was diagnosed after further testing. A duodenojejunostomy omega loop with Braun anastomosis was performed, which led to relief of symptoms and weight gain at 4 months post op. Link: http://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/21301768/Laparoscopic_duodenojejunostomy_omega_loop_with_braun_anastomosis_as_a_treatment_for_superior_mesenteric_artery_syndrome_

Alhadi, A. N., & Shuqdar, R. M. (2008). Anorexia nervosa versus superior mesenteric artery syndrome in a young woman: Case report and literature review. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 3(1), 55-60. doi:10.1016/S1658-3612(08)70044-1 

            Notes: Case report of a 35-year-old woman with 12-year history of post-prandial bloating, epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. Psychiatric evaluation led to diagnosis of eating disorder and depression. After 3 months, gastrojejunostomy was performed, which was not successful, possibly due to continued eating disorder. Patient was lost to follow up. Link: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1658361208700441

Akin, J.,J T., Gray, S. W., & Skandalakis, J. E. (1976). Vascular compression of the duodenum: Presentation of ten cases and review of the literature. Surgery, 79(5), 515. 

            Notes: Review of ten cases of patients diagnosed with SMAS, 9 female 1 male. One patient was deceased within 24 hours of admission. In eight patients, sypmtoms were completely relieved after surgery (two duodenojejunostomy with division of the ligament of treitz, 7 division of the ligament of treitz). One patient was only partially relieved due to “unwillingness to eat a normal diet.” Also includes review of literature of 94 cases since 1962 (until 1976 when the study was written), with data on age and sex, symptoms, causes and predispositions, diagnosis, and treatment, determining an 82% success rate for the duodenojejunostomy based on literature. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1265660

Fromm, S., & Cash, J. M. (1990). Superior mesenteric artery syndrome: An approach to the diagnosis and management of upper gastrointestinal obstruction of unclear etiology. South Dakota Journal of Medicine, 43(11), 5. 

            Notes: Case report of a 23-year-old man diagnosed with SMAS. Conservative treatment was successful. Includes descriptions of other types of intestinal obstruction and description of pseudo-obstruction. Link: http://www.publicpriorart.org/xml/20/1/1/2286/36708/20.1.1.2286.36708.xml

Ha, C. D., Alvear, D. T., & Leber, D. C. (2008). Duodenal derotation as an effective treatment of superior mesenteric artery syndrome: A thirty-three year experience. The American Surgeon, 74(7), 644. 

            Notes: Study of 16 patients diagnosed with SMAS and treated with duodenal derotation. Cases were in two groups, reviewed retrospectively and prospectively. All patients underwent duodenal derotation, which was successful in all patients except for one, who underwent a subsequent gastrojejunostomy. Includes description of surgical procedures. Link: http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/sesc/tas/2008/00000074/00000007/art00012?token=005112dd4967232d45232b6d243f384d2c4766523e6b3568293c62207d673f582f6ba9c56b51f7d9b

Kim, I. Y., Cho, N. C., Kim, D. S., & Rhoe, B. S. (2003). Laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy for management of superior mesenteric artery syndrome: Two cases report and a review of the literature. Yonsei Medical Journal, 44(3), 526. doi:10.3349/ymj.2003.44.3.526 

            Notes: Report of two cases, one a 27-year-old man, one a 36-year-old woman, both diagnosed with SMAS and treated with a duodenojejunostomy. Both surgeries were considered successful at 1 year post op. Includes surgical procedures. Link: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/10684011_Laparoscopic_duodenojejunostomy_for_management_of_superior_mesenteric_artery_syndrome_two_cases_report_and_a_review_of_the_literature x

França Neto, P. R., Paiva, R. d. A., Lacerda Filho, A., Queiroz, F. L. d., & Noronha, T. (2011). Superior mesenteric artery compression syndrome - case report. Journal of Coloproctology (Rio De Janeiro), 31(4), 401-404. doi:10.1590/S2237-93632011000400015 

            Notes:  Case report of a 40-year-old woman diagnosed with cancer. After surgery to remove cancer, vomiting persisted, and SMAS was diagnosed. Conservative treatment was successful. Link: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S2237-93632011000400015&script=sci_arttext

Gustafsson, L., Falk, A., Lukes, P. J., & Gamklou, R. (1984). Diagnosis and treatment of superior mesenteric artery syndrome. The British Journal of Surgery, 71(7), 499. 

            Notes: Report of 10 cases of patients diagnosed with SMAS and treated surgically. Two patients had history of a Bilroth 1 gastrectomy for peptic ulcer disease. 10 of the patients underwent a retrocolic duodenojejunostomy side-to-side, and one patient underwent a roux-en-y gastrojejunostomy. The surgeries were reported to be successful; however, two patients underwent further surgery for removal of adhesions. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6733420

Le Moigne, F., Lamboley, J., Vitry, T., Stoltz, A., Galoo, E., Salamand, P., . . . Farthouat, P. (2010). Superior mesenteric artery syndrome: A rare etiology of upper intestinal obstruction in adults. Gastroentérologie Clinique Et Biologique, 34(6-7), 403. 

            Notes: Case report of a 25-year-old woman diagnosed with SMAS following weight loss with history of a brief psychotic disorder. Conservative treatment was initiated, but when signs of global dehydration and renal failure appeared, a side-by-side duodenojejunostomy was performed. At one month follow-up, she had gained weight and was symptom-free. Link: http://www.em-consulte.com/en/article/260536

Sabbagh, C., Santin, E., Potier, A., & Regimbeau, J. (2012). The superior mesenteric artery syndrome: A rare etiology for proximal obstructive syndrome. Journal of Visceral Surgery, 149(6), 428. 

            Notes: Case report of a 31-year-old man with a history of an inguinal hernia repair diagnosed with SMAS. A side-to-side roux-en-y duodenojejunostomy was performed successfully. Link: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187878861200104X

Bauer, S., Karplus, R., Belsky, V., & Mha, H. A. (2013). Superior mesenteric artery syndrome: A forgotten entity. The Israel Medical Association Journal : IMAJ, 15(4), 189. 

            Notes: Case report of a 23-year-old woman diagnosed with SMAS. Conservative treatment led to resolution of nausea and vomiting but not pain. This patient was also treated for depression and had a history of migraines. Link: http://www.ima.org.il/IMAJ/ViewArticle.aspx?aId=2220

Tiwari, A. K., Bierhals, A., & Wang, J. S. (2013). An uncommon cause of post-prandial nausea and vomiting. superior mesenteric artery syndrome. Gastroenterology, 145(3), 520, 698. 

            Notes: Case report of a 29-year-old male with history of traumatic injury to the spine leading to paralysis 4 months prior followed by weight loss. After being diagnosed with SMAS, conservative treatment was successful. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23900107

Mearelli, F., Degrassi, F., Occhipinti, A. A., Casarsa, C., De Manzini, N., & Biolo, G. (2014). Pinched: Superior mesenteric artery syndrome. The American Journal of Medicine, 127(5), 393. 

            Notes: Case report of a 47-year-old man with a history of anorexia nervosa diagnosed with SMAS as well as nutcracker syndrome. After conservative treatment failed, division of the ligament of treitz was performed, and the patient was symptom free as of his 6-month follow up. Link: http://www.amjmed.com/article/S0002-9343(14)00074-6/abstract

Dao, T. V., Beydoun, T., Jorgensen, S., Towbin, A. J., & Towbin, R. (2014). Superior mesenteric artery compression syndrome. Applied Radiology, 43(11), 64. 

            Notes: Case report of a 20-year-old male with acute lymphoblastic leukemia diagnosed with SMAS. Diagnosis is described but not treatment of this case. Link: http://go.galegroup.com.ezproxy.uta.edu/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA391931467&v=2.1&u=txshracd2597&it=r&p=HRCA&sw=w

Kim, S. J., Yoon, J. S., Park, B. K., & Won, S. J. (2010). Superior mesenteric artery syndrome in a tetraplegic patient, 11 years after a spinal cord injury: A case report. Spinal Cord, 48(11), 838-839. doi:10.1038/sc.2010.24 

            Notes: Case report of a 41-year-old man with tetraplegia due to spinal cord injury 11 years prior diagnosed with SMAS. Conservative treatment with positioning led to resolution of symptoms up to 6 months follow up. Link: http://www.nature.com/sc/journal/v48/n11/full/sc201024a.html

Duvie, S. O. (1988). Anterior transposition of the third part of the duodenum in the management of chronic duodenal compression by the superior mesenteric artery. International Surgery, 73(3), 140.  

            Notes: Case report of ten patients with SMAS treated surgically with anterior transposition of the duodenum. At follow up, all patients had relief of symptoms, were able to eat, and gained weight. Describes surgical technique.  Article mentions that “literature shows that authors disagree with the theory that SMA Syndrome is due principally to mechanical obstruction of the third part of the duodenum.” Link: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/19926217_Anterior_transposition_of_the_third_part_of_the_duodenum_in_the_management_of_chronic_duodenal_compression_by_the_superior_mesenteric_artery

Nana, A. M., Closset, J., Muls, V., Kouame, J., Jeanmart, J., van Gossum, A., . . . El Nakadi, I. (2003). Wilkie's syndrome. Surgical Endoscopy, 17(4), 659-659. doi:10.1007/s00464-002-4252-z 

            Notes: Case report of two women diagnosed with SMAS who underwent duodenojejunal bypass.  Surgery was successful as of 24 and 6 months post op. Link: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00464-002-4252-z x

• Banerjee, A., O'Neil, R., & Bidstrup, H. (1994). Adult respiratory distress syndrome caused by superior mesenteric artery syndrome. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, 22(5), 602.  Notes: Case report of a 35-year-old woman hospitalized with respiratory distress. While hospitalized she experienced various GI symptoms tolerating only tpn, and increased respiratory failure, leading to multiple intubations and tracheotomy. Following SMAS diagnosis and surgical treatment (gastrojejunostomy, pyloroplasty, and highly selective vagotomy) she began to tolerate oral liquids and her breathing returned to normal. It is assumed respiratory failure was due to repeated aspiration pneumonia. Link: http://www.aaic.net.au/search.aspx?q=banerjee&ST=q

Williams, L. F., & Bowers, W. F. (1961). Arteriomesenteric Duodenal Obstruction Associated with Severe Peptic Ulcer Disease . Annals of Surgery, 153(2), 250–255. 

            Notes: Multiple case reports with both SMAS and peptic ulcer. Case one is a 12-year-old female diagnosed with SMAS and a duodenal ulcer. After surgery to treat both, the recovery was slow but successful by one month. Case two is a 27-year-old female diagnosed with SMAS and an ulcer treated successfully with surgery; case three is a 24-year-old male diagnosed with SMAS and a duodenal ulcer who was also treated successfully with surgery, and case four is a 23-year-old male with a five-year history of illness diagnosed with SMAS and a duodenal ulcer. Surgical treatment was successful. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1613881/