Li, J., Chousleb, E., Hidalgo, J., Patel, S., Szomstein, S., & Rosenthal, R. J. (2011). Laparoscopic roux-en-Y duodenojejunal bypass for superior mesenteric artery syndrome: Case reports and review of the literature. Surgical Laparoscopy, Endoscopy & Percutaneous Techniques, 21(6), e344. 

            Notes: Report of three cases, one a 17-year-old female, one a 23-year-old male with history of appendectomy, and one a 50-year-old female with history of hysterectomy, cervical vertebral fusion, and cholecystectomy. All three were treated with a laparoscopic roux-en-y duodenojejunostomy. Case one reported intermittent vomiting during the first three months post op, but symptom free up to 2 years post op. Case 2 had delayed recovery but was symptom free for 6 months, and case three recovered uneventfully. Includes surgical procedures. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22146189

Javaid, Mustafawi, & Ahmad. (2009). The Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome (SMAS): Is it really a diagnostic dilemma? Annals of Pediatric Surgery, 5(3), 205-209. 

            Notes: Case report of 3 children diagnosed with SMAS. Case 1, 7-year old female with post-prandial pain, vomiting, loss of appetite & weight. Medical management failed after 3 weeks, at which time a duodenojejunostomy was performed, which was successful at 1 month follow-up. Case 2, a 12-year-old girl with pain, vomiting & weight loss with a history of scoliosis surgery 1 month prior underwent successful medical treatment starting with TPN and leading to high-calorie meals with positioning. Case 3 was a 10-year-old boy with pain and frequent vomiting treated successfully with medical management. Relapse after 1 month was also successfully treated medically. Link: http://www.aps.eg.net/back_issue/vol5/issue3_july2009/pdf/10-The%20Superior%20Mesenteric%20Artery%20Syndrome.pdf

Fromm, S., & Cash, J. M. (1990). Superior mesenteric artery syndrome: An approach to the diagnosis and management of upper gastrointestinal obstruction of unclear etiology. South Dakota Journal of Medicine, 43(11), 5. 

            Notes: Case report of a 23-year-old man diagnosed with SMAS. Conservative treatment was successful. Includes descriptions of other types of intestinal obstruction and description of pseudo-obstruction. Link: http://www.publicpriorart.org/xml/20/1/1/2286/36708/20.1.1.2286.36708.xml

Kandil, E., Alabbas, H., Harbin, A. C., & Neitzschman, H. R. (2009). Superior mesenteric artery syndrome. The Journal of the Louisiana State Medical Society : Official Organ of the Louisiana State Medical Society, 161(5), 285. 

            Notes: Case report of  a 52-year-old man diagnosed with SMAS. A ruptured duodenum was repaired, and a duodenojejunostomy was successful. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19927943 x

Dash, N. (2011). An unusual cause of superior mesenteric artery syndrome in a young boy. Medical Journal Armed Forces India, 67(1), 92-92. doi:10.1016/S0377-1237(11)80032-8 

            Notes: Case report of 14-year-old boy diagnosed with SMAS. Duodenojejunostomy was successful with 6 month follow up. Anatomic anomalies of the caecum and ascending colon are said to be the cause of the narrowed SMA angle. Link: http://www.mjafi.net/article/S0377-1237(11)80032-8/pdf x

Kim, I. Y., Cho, N. C., Kim, D. S., & Rhoe, B. S. (2003). Laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy for management of superior mesenteric artery syndrome: Two cases report and a review of the literature. Yonsei Medical Journal, 44(3), 526. doi:10.3349/ymj.2003.44.3.526 

            Notes: Report of two cases, one a 27-year-old man, one a 36-year-old woman, both diagnosed with SMAS and treated with a duodenojejunostomy. Both surgeries were considered successful at 1 year post op. Includes surgical procedures. Link: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/10684011_Laparoscopic_duodenojejunostomy_for_management_of_superior_mesenteric_artery_syndrome_two_cases_report_and_a_review_of_the_literature x

Pivawer, G., Haller, J. O., Rabinowitz, S. S., & Zimmerman, D. L. (2004). Superior mesenteric artery syndrome and its ramifications. CMIG Extra: CASES, 28(1), 8-10. doi:10.1016/j.compmedimag.2003.09.006 

            Notes: Case report of a 13-year-old boy diagnosed with SMAS following weight loss. Conservative treatment was successful. Includes descriptions and diagnostic criteria for SMAS and Nutcracker syndrome. Link: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1572349603000052

Wilson-Storey, D., & MacKinlay, G. A. (1986). The superior mesenteric artery syndrome. Journal of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, 31(3), 175. 

            Notes: Reports of 4 cases of patients diagnosed with SMAS. Case 1 is an 8-year-old boy with recent history of vascular surgery found to have malrotation and a “kink” at the SMA artery. Mobilization and derotation of the duodenum was successful. Case 2 is a 12-year-old girl diagnosed with SMAS following rapid increase in height without weight gain. Conservative treatment was initially successful, but after a re-occurrence 3 months later, a Strong’s procedure was successful. Case 3 is an 11-year-old boy diagnosed with SMAS after losing weight while in a hip spica for a hip fracture. Conservative treatment with positioning combined with cutting back the cast led to remission of symptoms. Case 4 is a 9-year-old boy with scoliosis who wore a brace diagnosed with SMAS. A Strong’s procedure was successful. Includes diagrams  Link: http://www.jpedsurg.org/article/S0022-3468%2887%2980672-3/abstract

Marecek, G. S., Barsness, K. A., & Sarwark, J. F. (2010). Relief of superior mesenteric artery syndrome with correction of multiplanar spinal deformity by posterior spinal fusion. Orthopedics, 33(7), 519. doi:10.3928/01477447-20100526-26 

            Notes: Case report of a 14-year-old boy with history of pervasive developmental disorder (autism spectrum) and scoliosis diagnosed with SMAS. Conservative treatment led to temporary resolution of symptoms with recurrence five months later. He underwent corrective spinal surgery and his SMAS symptoms had begun to improve 1 month post-op and were fully resolved at three months post-op. Article emphasizes importance of recognizing the correlation between scoliosis and SMAS. http://www.healio.com/orthopedics/journals/ortho/2010-7-33-7/%7B8865d102-71f4-4c45-afee-6b29223a6e29%7D/relief-of-superior-mesenteric-artery-syndrome-with-correction-of-multiplanar-spinal-deformity-by-posterior-spinal-fusion

Arbell, D., Gross, E., Koplewitz, B. Z., Vromen, A., Bar-Ziv, J., & Udassin, R. (2006). Superior mesenteric artery syndrome masquerading as recurrent biliary pancreatitis. The Israel Medical Association Journal : IMAJ, 8(6), 441. 

            Notes: Case report of a 16-year-old boy with cerebral palsy and hydrocephalus with a history of gastrostomy for feeding and nissen fundoplication. He presented multiple times with abdominal complaints which resolved either spontaneously or with gastric intubation for drainage, and by the third episode his gallbladder was removed. When the symptoms returned again with elevated amylase he was diagnosed with pancreatitis, but with another episode later, scans were revisited and he was diagnosed with SMAS. Conservative treatment led to three years symptom-free, after which a duodenojejunostomy was performed. Link: http://www.ima.org.il/FilesUpload/IMAJ/0/49/24884.pdf x

Ricca, R. L., Kasten, J., & Javid, P. J. (2012). Superior mesenteric artery syndrome after minimally invasive correction of pectus excavatum: Impact of post-operative weight loss. Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 47(11), 2137. 

            Notes: Case report of a 14-year-old boy with pectus excavitum and mild scoliosis diagnosed with SMAS following surgery to repair the pectus excavitum. Conservative treatment led to weight gain and remission of symptoms. Link: http://www.jpedsurg.org/article/S0022-3468(12)00755-5/abstract

Tiwari, A. K., Bierhals, A., & Wang, J. S. (2013). An uncommon cause of post-prandial nausea and vomiting. superior mesenteric artery syndrome. Gastroenterology, 145(3), 520, 698. 

            Notes: Case report of a 29-year-old male with history of traumatic injury to the spine leading to paralysis 4 months prior followed by weight loss. After being diagnosed with SMAS, conservative treatment was successful. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23900107

Mearelli, F., Degrassi, F., Occhipinti, A. A., Casarsa, C., De Manzini, N., & Biolo, G. (2014). Pinched: Superior mesenteric artery syndrome. The American Journal of Medicine, 127(5), 393. 

            Notes: Case report of a 47-year-old man with a history of anorexia nervosa diagnosed with SMAS as well as nutcracker syndrome. After conservative treatment failed, division of the ligament of treitz was performed, and the patient was symptom free as of his 6-month follow up. Link: http://www.amjmed.com/article/S0002-9343(14)00074-6/abstract

Dao, T. V., Beydoun, T., Jorgensen, S., Towbin, A. J., & Towbin, R. (2014). Superior mesenteric artery compression syndrome. Applied Radiology, 43(11), 64. 

            Notes: Case report of a 20-year-old male with acute lymphoblastic leukemia diagnosed with SMAS. Diagnosis is described but not treatment of this case. Link: http://go.galegroup.com.ezproxy.uta.edu/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA391931467&v=2.1&u=txshracd2597&it=r&p=HRCA&sw=w

Bakker, M. E. C., van Delft, R., Vaessens, N. A. L., & Rosias, P. R. R. (2014). Superior mesenteric artery syndrome in a 15-year-old boy during ramadan. European Journal of Pediatrics, 173(12), 1619-1621. doi:10.1007/s00431-013-2190-5 

            Notes: Case report of a 15-year-old boy diagnosed with SMAS during Ramadan following gastroenteritis. Conservative treatment with feeding tubes was successful. Link: http://link.springer.com.ezproxy.uta.edu/article/10.1007%2Fs00431-013-2190-5

Kim, S. J., Yoon, J. S., Park, B. K., & Won, S. J. (2010). Superior mesenteric artery syndrome in a tetraplegic patient, 11 years after a spinal cord injury: A case report. Spinal Cord, 48(11), 838-839. doi:10.1038/sc.2010.24 

            Notes: Case report of a 41-year-old man with tetraplegia due to spinal cord injury 11 years prior diagnosed with SMAS. Conservative treatment with positioning led to resolution of symptoms up to 6 months follow up. Link: http://www.nature.com/sc/journal/v48/n11/full/sc201024a.html

Alenezy, A., Obaid, A., Qattan, A., & Hamad, A. (2014). Superior mesenteric artery syndrome and nutcracker phenomenon. Saudi Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 2(3), 223. Notes: Case report of a 17-year-old male diagnosed with SMAS and nutcracker phenomenon. Conservative treatment led to relief of symptoms as of two weeks after discharge from hospital. Link: http://www.sjmms.net/article.asp?issn=1658-631X;year=2014;volume=2;issue=3;spage=223;epage=225;aulast=Alenezy

Duvie, S. O. (1988). Anterior transposition of the third part of the duodenum in the management of chronic duodenal compression by the superior mesenteric artery. International Surgery, 73(3), 140.  

            Notes: Case report of ten patients with SMAS treated surgically with anterior transposition of the duodenum. At follow up, all patients had relief of symptoms, were able to eat, and gained weight. Describes surgical technique.  Article mentions that “literature shows that authors disagree with the theory that SMA Syndrome is due principally to mechanical obstruction of the third part of the duodenum.” Link: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/19926217_Anterior_transposition_of_the_third_part_of_the_duodenum_in_the_management_of_chronic_duodenal_compression_by_the_superior_mesenteric_artery

Wayne, E., Miller, R. E., & Eiseman, B. (1971). Duodenal obstruction by the superior mesenteric artery in bedridden combat casualties. Annals of Surgery, 174(3), 339–345. 

            Notes: Case report of five patients bedridden with combat injuries diagnosed with SMAS. In case one, surgery was successful, and in cases two through five, conservative treatment with repositioning and high calorie feeds was successful. Includes chart of SMA angle measurements. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1397584/pdf/annsurg00392-0011.pdf

Mandal, A., & Baig, S. (2012). Malignant Tumor at D-4 Mimicking Wilkie’s Syndrome. The Indian Journal of Surgery, 74(2), 201–203. doi:10.1007/s12262-011-0268-8  

            Notes: Case report of a 60-year-old male with clinical and radiological findings consistent with SMAS. Surgery revealed instead a tumor suspected to be malignant, which was removed, and a feeding tube was inserted. Symptoms were relieved, and at 1-year follow up the patient was well. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3309090/pdf/12262_2011_Article_268.pdf