Pivawer, G., Haller, J. O., Rabinowitz, S. S., & Zimmerman, D. L. (2004). Superior mesenteric artery syndrome and its ramifications. CMIG Extra: CASES, 28(1), 8-10. doi:10.1016/j.compmedimag.2003.09.006 

            Notes: Case report of a 13-year-old boy diagnosed with SMAS following weight loss. Conservative treatment was successful. Includes descriptions and diagnostic criteria for SMAS and Nutcracker syndrome. Link: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1572349603000052

Veysi, V. T., Humphrey, G., & Stringer, M. D. (1997). Superior mesenteric artery syndrome presenting with acute massive gastric dilatation. Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 32(12), 1801-1803. doi:10.1016/S0022-3468(97)90541-8 

            Notes: Case report of a 14-year-old girl with history of developmental delay and mild motor impairment presenting with acute massive gastric dilation. A gastrostomy was performed, but symptoms persisted, and SMAS was diagnosed. Duodenal derotation led to relief of symptoms, however a jejunal feeding tube remained, which, after being displaced led to a fatal complication. Link: http://www.jpedsurg.org/article/S0022-3468(97)90541-8/abstract

Wilson-Storey, D., & MacKinlay, G. A. (1986). The superior mesenteric artery syndrome. Journal of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, 31(3), 175. 

            Notes: Reports of 4 cases of patients diagnosed with SMAS. Case 1 is an 8-year-old boy with recent history of vascular surgery found to have malrotation and a “kink” at the SMA artery. Mobilization and derotation of the duodenum was successful. Case 2 is a 12-year-old girl diagnosed with SMAS following rapid increase in height without weight gain. Conservative treatment was initially successful, but after a re-occurrence 3 months later, a Strong’s procedure was successful. Case 3 is an 11-year-old boy diagnosed with SMAS after losing weight while in a hip spica for a hip fracture. Conservative treatment with positioning combined with cutting back the cast led to remission of symptoms. Case 4 is a 9-year-old boy with scoliosis who wore a brace diagnosed with SMAS. A Strong’s procedure was successful. Includes diagrams  Link: http://www.jpedsurg.org/article/S0022-3468%2887%2980672-3/abstract

Gustafsson, L., Falk, A., Lukes, P. J., & Gamklou, R. (1984). Diagnosis and treatment of superior mesenteric artery syndrome. The British Journal of Surgery, 71(7), 499. 

            Notes: Report of 10 cases of patients diagnosed with SMAS and treated surgically. Two patients had history of a Bilroth 1 gastrectomy for peptic ulcer disease. 10 of the patients underwent a retrocolic duodenojejunostomy side-to-side, and one patient underwent a roux-en-y gastrojejunostomy. The surgeries were reported to be successful; however, two patients underwent further surgery for removal of adhesions. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6733420

Le Moigne, F., Lamboley, J., Vitry, T., Stoltz, A., Galoo, E., Salamand, P., . . . Farthouat, P. (2010). Superior mesenteric artery syndrome: A rare etiology of upper intestinal obstruction in adults. Gastroentérologie Clinique Et Biologique, 34(6-7), 403. 

            Notes: Case report of a 25-year-old woman diagnosed with SMAS following weight loss with history of a brief psychotic disorder. Conservative treatment was initiated, but when signs of global dehydration and renal failure appeared, a side-by-side duodenojejunostomy was performed. At one month follow-up, she had gained weight and was symptom-free. Link: http://www.em-consulte.com/en/article/260536

Sabbagh, C., Santin, E., Potier, A., & Regimbeau, J. (2012). The superior mesenteric artery syndrome: A rare etiology for proximal obstructive syndrome. Journal of Visceral Surgery, 149(6), 428. 

            Notes: Case report of a 31-year-old man with a history of an inguinal hernia repair diagnosed with SMAS. A side-to-side roux-en-y duodenojejunostomy was performed successfully. Link: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187878861200104X

Marecek, G. S., Barsness, K. A., & Sarwark, J. F. (2010). Relief of superior mesenteric artery syndrome with correction of multiplanar spinal deformity by posterior spinal fusion. Orthopedics, 33(7), 519. doi:10.3928/01477447-20100526-26 

            Notes: Case report of a 14-year-old boy with history of pervasive developmental disorder (autism spectrum) and scoliosis diagnosed with SMAS. Conservative treatment led to temporary resolution of symptoms with recurrence five months later. He underwent corrective spinal surgery and his SMAS symptoms had begun to improve 1 month post-op and were fully resolved at three months post-op. Article emphasizes importance of recognizing the correlation between scoliosis and SMAS. http://www.healio.com/orthopedics/journals/ortho/2010-7-33-7/%7B8865d102-71f4-4c45-afee-6b29223a6e29%7D/relief-of-superior-mesenteric-artery-syndrome-with-correction-of-multiplanar-spinal-deformity-by-posterior-spinal-fusion

Arbell, D., Gross, E., Koplewitz, B. Z., Vromen, A., Bar-Ziv, J., & Udassin, R. (2006). Superior mesenteric artery syndrome masquerading as recurrent biliary pancreatitis. The Israel Medical Association Journal : IMAJ, 8(6), 441. 

            Notes: Case report of a 16-year-old boy with cerebral palsy and hydrocephalus with a history of gastrostomy for feeding and nissen fundoplication. He presented multiple times with abdominal complaints which resolved either spontaneously or with gastric intubation for drainage, and by the third episode his gallbladder was removed. When the symptoms returned again with elevated amylase he was diagnosed with pancreatitis, but with another episode later, scans were revisited and he was diagnosed with SMAS. Conservative treatment led to three years symptom-free, after which a duodenojejunostomy was performed. Link: http://www.ima.org.il/FilesUpload/IMAJ/0/49/24884.pdf x

Bauer, S., Karplus, R., Belsky, V., & Mha, H. A. (2013). Superior mesenteric artery syndrome: A forgotten entity. The Israel Medical Association Journal : IMAJ, 15(4), 189. 

            Notes: Case report of a 23-year-old woman diagnosed with SMAS. Conservative treatment led to resolution of nausea and vomiting but not pain. This patient was also treated for depression and had a history of migraines. Link: http://www.ima.org.il/IMAJ/ViewArticle.aspx?aId=2220

Payawal, J. H., Cohen, A. J., & Stamos, M. J. (2004). Superior mesenteric artery syndrome involving the duodenum and jejunum. Emergency Radiology, 10(5), 273-275. doi:10.1007/s10140-003-0322-3 

            Notes: Case report of an 82-year-old woman diagnosed with SMAS 6 days post-op for colorectal resection due to cancer. Tests revealed that the jejunum passed under the duodenum causing an obstruction in both places. A feeding tube was placed and the patient was released to skilled nursing, where her symptoms gradually improved. Link: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10140-003-0322-3

Ricca, R. L., Kasten, J., & Javid, P. J. (2012). Superior mesenteric artery syndrome after minimally invasive correction of pectus excavatum: Impact of post-operative weight loss. Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 47(11), 2137. 

            Notes: Case report of a 14-year-old boy with pectus excavitum and mild scoliosis diagnosed with SMAS following surgery to repair the pectus excavitum. Conservative treatment led to weight gain and remission of symptoms. Link: http://www.jpedsurg.org/article/S0022-3468(12)00755-5/abstract

Tiwari, A. K., Bierhals, A., & Wang, J. S. (2013). An uncommon cause of post-prandial nausea and vomiting. superior mesenteric artery syndrome. Gastroenterology, 145(3), 520, 698. 

            Notes: Case report of a 29-year-old male with history of traumatic injury to the spine leading to paralysis 4 months prior followed by weight loss. After being diagnosed with SMAS, conservative treatment was successful. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23900107

Mearelli, F., Degrassi, F., Occhipinti, A. A., Casarsa, C., De Manzini, N., & Biolo, G. (2014). Pinched: Superior mesenteric artery syndrome. The American Journal of Medicine, 127(5), 393. 

            Notes: Case report of a 47-year-old man with a history of anorexia nervosa diagnosed with SMAS as well as nutcracker syndrome. After conservative treatment failed, division of the ligament of treitz was performed, and the patient was symptom free as of his 6-month follow up. Link: http://www.amjmed.com/article/S0002-9343(14)00074-6/abstract

Jalilvand, A., & Fisichella, P. M. (2014). Superior mesenteric artery syndrome. Digestive and Liver Disease : Official Journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver, 46(9), 859. doi:10.1016/j.dld.2014.03.021 

            Notes: Case report of a 56-year-old woman awaiting lung transplantation diagnosed with SMAS. Following placement of a feeding tube and careful feeding supervision, she gained 25 pounds and experienced complete remission of symptoms, after which she was listed for transplantation. Link: http://www.dldjournalonline.com/article/S1590-8658(14)00320-X/abstract

Mathenge, N., Osiro, S., Rodriguez, I. I., Salib, C., Tubbs, R. S., & Loukas, M. (2014). Superior mesenteric artery syndrome and its associated gastrointestinal implications. Clinical Anatomy, 27(8), 1244-1252. doi:10.1002/ca.22249 

            Notes: Review of literature describing epidemiology, embryology and anatomy, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis and imaging modalities, and management strategies of SMA Syndrome. Link: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ca.22249/abstract;jsessionid=1BA883F0B3B9A4FF6ECB3A90CF3B81FE.f02t03

Dao, T. V., Beydoun, T., Jorgensen, S., Towbin, A. J., & Towbin, R. (2014). Superior mesenteric artery compression syndrome. Applied Radiology, 43(11), 64. 

            Notes: Case report of a 20-year-old male with acute lymphoblastic leukemia diagnosed with SMAS. Diagnosis is described but not treatment of this case. Link: http://go.galegroup.com.ezproxy.uta.edu/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA391931467&v=2.1&u=txshracd2597&it=r&p=HRCA&sw=w

Bakker, M. E. C., van Delft, R., Vaessens, N. A. L., & Rosias, P. R. R. (2014). Superior mesenteric artery syndrome in a 15-year-old boy during ramadan. European Journal of Pediatrics, 173(12), 1619-1621. doi:10.1007/s00431-013-2190-5 

            Notes: Case report of a 15-year-old boy diagnosed with SMAS during Ramadan following gastroenteritis. Conservative treatment with feeding tubes was successful. Link: http://link.springer.com.ezproxy.uta.edu/article/10.1007%2Fs00431-013-2190-5

Kim, S. J., Yoon, J. S., Park, B. K., & Won, S. J. (2010). Superior mesenteric artery syndrome in a tetraplegic patient, 11 years after a spinal cord injury: A case report. Spinal Cord, 48(11), 838-839. doi:10.1038/sc.2010.24 

            Notes: Case report of a 41-year-old man with tetraplegia due to spinal cord injury 11 years prior diagnosed with SMAS. Conservative treatment with positioning led to resolution of symptoms up to 6 months follow up. Link: http://www.nature.com/sc/journal/v48/n11/full/sc201024a.html

Alenezy, A., Obaid, A., Qattan, A., & Hamad, A. (2014). Superior mesenteric artery syndrome and nutcracker phenomenon. Saudi Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 2(3), 223. Notes: Case report of a 17-year-old male diagnosed with SMAS and nutcracker phenomenon. Conservative treatment led to relief of symptoms as of two weeks after discharge from hospital. Link: http://www.sjmms.net/article.asp?issn=1658-631X;year=2014;volume=2;issue=3;spage=223;epage=225;aulast=Alenezy

Duvie, S. O. (1988). Anterior transposition of the third part of the duodenum in the management of chronic duodenal compression by the superior mesenteric artery. International Surgery, 73(3), 140.  

            Notes: Case report of ten patients with SMAS treated surgically with anterior transposition of the duodenum. At follow up, all patients had relief of symptoms, were able to eat, and gained weight. Describes surgical technique.  Article mentions that “literature shows that authors disagree with the theory that SMA Syndrome is due principally to mechanical obstruction of the third part of the duodenum.” Link: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/19926217_Anterior_transposition_of_the_third_part_of_the_duodenum_in_the_management_of_chronic_duodenal_compression_by_the_superior_mesenteric_artery

Nana, A. M., Closset, J., Muls, V., Kouame, J., Jeanmart, J., van Gossum, A., . . . El Nakadi, I. (2003). Wilkie's syndrome. Surgical Endoscopy, 17(4), 659-659. doi:10.1007/s00464-002-4252-z 

            Notes: Case report of two women diagnosed with SMAS who underwent duodenojejunal bypass.  Surgery was successful as of 24 and 6 months post op. Link: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00464-002-4252-z x