Duvie, S. O. (1988). Anterior transposition of the third part of the duodenum in the management of chronic duodenal compression by the superior mesenteric artery. International Surgery, 73(3), 140.  

            Notes: Case report of ten patients with SMAS treated surgically with anterior transposition of the duodenum. At follow up, all patients had relief of symptoms, were able to eat, and gained weight. Describes surgical technique.  Article mentions that “literature shows that authors disagree with the theory that SMA Syndrome is due principally to mechanical obstruction of the third part of the duodenum.” Link: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/19926217_Anterior_transposition_of_the_third_part_of_the_duodenum_in_the_management_of_chronic_duodenal_compression_by_the_superior_mesenteric_artery