Li, J., Chousleb, E., Hidalgo, J., Patel, S., Szomstein, S., & Rosenthal, R. J. (2011). Laparoscopic roux-en-Y duodenojejunal bypass for superior mesenteric artery syndrome: Case reports and review of the literature. Surgical Laparoscopy, Endoscopy & Percutaneous Techniques, 21(6), e344. 

            Notes: Report of three cases, one a 17-year-old female, one a 23-year-old male with history of appendectomy, and one a 50-year-old female with history of hysterectomy, cervical vertebral fusion, and cholecystectomy. All three were treated with a laparoscopic roux-en-y duodenojejunostomy. Case one reported intermittent vomiting during the first three months post op, but symptom free up to 2 years post op. Case 2 had delayed recovery but was symptom free for 6 months, and case three recovered uneventfully. Includes surgical procedures. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22146189

Altiok, H., Lubicky, J. P., DeWald, C. J., & Herman, J. E. (2005). The superior mesenteric artery syndrome in patients with spinal deformity. Spine, 30(19), 2164. 

            Notes: A retrospective review of 2939 patients who underwent scoliosis surgery to determine incidence of SMAS. 17 patients were diagnosed with SMAS post-op, an incidence rate of .5%. Includes curve type, diagnoses, surgical procedures, instrumentation, documentation of SMA[S], degree of correction, weight and height percentiles, weight loss, and more. It is determined SMAS can still occur with newer instrumentation, and both low BMI and perioperative weight loss are considered factors. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16205341

Alnabulsi, B. K., Miro, J. T., Faidah, O. H., & Hamo, M. A. (2011). Laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy omega loop with braun anastomosis as a treatment for superior mesenteric artery syndrome. Saudi Medical Journal, 32(2), 188. 

            Notes: Case report of a 24-year-old woman with abdominal pain, heartburn, vomiting and weight loss treated for pancreatitis and H. Pylori infection. When symptoms recurred, SMAS was diagnosed after further testing. A duodenojejunostomy omega loop with Braun anastomosis was performed, which led to relief of symptoms and weight gain at 4 months post op. Link: http://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/21301768/Laparoscopic_duodenojejunostomy_omega_loop_with_braun_anastomosis_as_a_treatment_for_superior_mesenteric_artery_syndrome_

Javaid, Mustafawi, & Ahmad. (2009). The Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome (SMAS): Is it really a diagnostic dilemma? Annals of Pediatric Surgery, 5(3), 205-209. 

            Notes: Case report of 3 children diagnosed with SMAS. Case 1, 7-year old female with post-prandial pain, vomiting, loss of appetite & weight. Medical management failed after 3 weeks, at which time a duodenojejunostomy was performed, which was successful at 1 month follow-up. Case 2, a 12-year-old girl with pain, vomiting & weight loss with a history of scoliosis surgery 1 month prior underwent successful medical treatment starting with TPN and leading to high-calorie meals with positioning. Case 3 was a 10-year-old boy with pain and frequent vomiting treated successfully with medical management. Relapse after 1 month was also successfully treated medically. Link: http://www.aps.eg.net/back_issue/vol5/issue3_july2009/pdf/10-The%20Superior%20Mesenteric%20Artery%20Syndrome.pdf

Alhadi, A. N., & Shuqdar, R. M. (2008). Anorexia nervosa versus superior mesenteric artery syndrome in a young woman: Case report and literature review. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 3(1), 55-60. doi:10.1016/S1658-3612(08)70044-1 

            Notes: Case report of a 35-year-old woman with 12-year history of post-prandial bloating, epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. Psychiatric evaluation led to diagnosis of eating disorder and depression. After 3 months, gastrojejunostomy was performed, which was not successful, possibly due to continued eating disorder. Patient was lost to follow up. Link: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1658361208700441

Akin, J.,J T., Gray, S. W., & Skandalakis, J. E. (1976). Vascular compression of the duodenum: Presentation of ten cases and review of the literature. Surgery, 79(5), 515. 

            Notes: Review of ten cases of patients diagnosed with SMAS, 9 female 1 male. One patient was deceased within 24 hours of admission. In eight patients, sypmtoms were completely relieved after surgery (two duodenojejunostomy with division of the ligament of treitz, 7 division of the ligament of treitz). One patient was only partially relieved due to “unwillingness to eat a normal diet.” Also includes review of literature of 94 cases since 1962 (until 1976 when the study was written), with data on age and sex, symptoms, causes and predispositions, diagnosis, and treatment, determining an 82% success rate for the duodenojejunostomy based on literature. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1265660

Fromm, S., & Cash, J. M. (1990). Superior mesenteric artery syndrome: An approach to the diagnosis and management of upper gastrointestinal obstruction of unclear etiology. South Dakota Journal of Medicine, 43(11), 5. 

            Notes: Case report of a 23-year-old man diagnosed with SMAS. Conservative treatment was successful. Includes descriptions of other types of intestinal obstruction and description of pseudo-obstruction. Link: http://www.publicpriorart.org/xml/20/1/1/2286/36708/20.1.1.2286.36708.xml

Kandil, E., Alabbas, H., Harbin, A. C., & Neitzschman, H. R. (2009). Superior mesenteric artery syndrome. The Journal of the Louisiana State Medical Society : Official Organ of the Louisiana State Medical Society, 161(5), 285. 

            Notes: Case report of  a 52-year-old man diagnosed with SMAS. A ruptured duodenum was repaired, and a duodenojejunostomy was successful. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19927943 x

Dash, N. (2011). An unusual cause of superior mesenteric artery syndrome in a young boy. Medical Journal Armed Forces India, 67(1), 92-92. doi:10.1016/S0377-1237(11)80032-8 

            Notes: Case report of 14-year-old boy diagnosed with SMAS. Duodenojejunostomy was successful with 6 month follow up. Anatomic anomalies of the caecum and ascending colon are said to be the cause of the narrowed SMA angle. Link: http://www.mjafi.net/article/S0377-1237(11)80032-8/pdf x

Ha, C. D., Alvear, D. T., & Leber, D. C. (2008). Duodenal derotation as an effective treatment of superior mesenteric artery syndrome: A thirty-three year experience. The American Surgeon, 74(7), 644. 

            Notes: Study of 16 patients diagnosed with SMAS and treated with duodenal derotation. Cases were in two groups, reviewed retrospectively and prospectively. All patients underwent duodenal derotation, which was successful in all patients except for one, who underwent a subsequent gastrojejunostomy. Includes description of surgical procedures. Link: http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/sesc/tas/2008/00000074/00000007/art00012?token=005112dd4967232d45232b6d243f384d2c4766523e6b3568293c62207d673f582f6ba9c56b51f7d9b